Core Java Interview Questions and Answers Part 3
Q: What is finalize() method?
A: It is possible to define a method that will be called just before an object’s final destruction by the garbage collector. This method is called finalize( ), and it can be used to ensure that an object terminates cleanly.
Q: What is an Exception?
A: An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. Exceptions are caught by handlers positioned along the thread’s method invocation stack.
Q: What do you mean by Checked Exceptions?
A: It is an exception that is typically a user error or a problem that cannot be foreseen by the programmer. For example, if a file is to be opened, but the file cannot be found, an exception occurs. These exceptions cannot simply be ignored at the time of compilation.
Q: Explain Runtime Exceptions?
A: It is an exception that occurs that probably could have been avoided by the programmer. As opposed to checked exceptions, runtime exceptions are ignored at the time of compilation.
Q: Which are the two subclasses under Exception class?
A: The Exception class has two main subclasses : IOException class and RuntimeException Class.
Q: When throws keyword is used?
A: If a method does not handle a checked exception, the method must declare it using the throws keyword. The throws keyword appears at the end of a method’s signature.
Q: When throw keyword is used?
A: An exception can be thrown, either a newly instantiated one or an exception that you just caught, by using throw keyword.
Q: How finally used under Exception Handling?
A: The finally keyword is used to create a block of code that follows a try block. A finally block of code always executes, whether or not an exception has occurred.
Q: What things should be kept in mind while creating your own exceptions in Java?
A: While creating your own exception:
- All exceptions must be a child of Throwable.
- If you want to write a checked exception that is automatically enforced by the Handle or Declare Rule, you need to extend the Exception class.
- You want to write a runtime exception, you need to extend the RuntimeException class.
Q: Define Inheritance?
A: It is the process where one object acquires the properties of another. With the use of inheritance, the information is made manageable in a hierarchical order.
Q: When super keyword is used?
A: If the method overrides one of its superclass’s methods, an overridden method can be invoked through the use of the keyword super. It can be also used to refer to a hidden field.
Q: What is Polymorphism?
A: Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.
Q: What is Abstraction?
A: It refers to the ability to make a class abstract in OOP. It helps to reduce the complexity and also improves the maintainability of the system.
Q: What is Abstract class?
A: These classes cannot be instantiated and are either partially implemented or not at all implemented. This class contains one or more abstract methods which are simply method declarations without a body.
Q: When Abstract methods are used?
A: If you want a class to contain a particular method but you want the actual implementation of that method to be determined by child classes, you can declare the method in the parent class as abstract.
Q: What is Encapsulation?
A: It is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. Therefore encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding.
Q: What is the primary benefit of Encapsulation?
A: The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use our code. With this Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code.
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